Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment Second edition edited by Michael S. Roberts

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Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment
Second edition
edited by Michael S. Roberts

Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessmentsupplies a state-of-the-art overview of the dermal absorption process.

The book covers a wide range of methods used to assess skin absorption and the various governmental and industrial programs concerned with skin permeation and toxicity. These include alternative in silico, in vitro, and in vivo strategies to conduct studies for regulatory requirements.

Features:

• completely revised and updated—expanded to include coverage pertaining to innovative research
• expands on the specific barrier properties of the skin such as its physical structure, biosensor properties, cutaneous metabolism, skin lipid morphology, and dermal blood and lymphatic flow.
• examines both the standard established laboratory techniques, for example, diffusion cell technology, and also covers new techniques like cultured skin equivalents, dermal absorption, and risk assessment

Contents

Introduction

1. Human Skin Morphology and Dermal Absorption
2. Animal Skin Morphology and Dermal Absorption

Skin Barrier Properties and Absorption

3. The Physical Structure of the Skin Barrier
4. Morphology of Epidermal Lipids
5. Stratum Corneum as a Biosensor
6. Cutaneous Metabolism
7. Formulation Issues

8. Interpretation of In Vitro Skin Absorption Studies of Lipophilic Chemicals
9. Use of Skin Equivalents for Dermal Absorption and Toxicity
10. Skin Absorption as Studied by Spectroscopic Methods

Modeling of Dermal Absorption and Risk Assessment

11. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Skin
12. Beyond Stratum Corneum
13. Biophysical Models for Skin Transport and Absorption
14. Mathematical Models for Different Exposure Conditions
15. Modelling Skin Permeability in Risk Assessment
16. In Vitro-In Vivo Correlations in Transdermal Drug Delivery
17. Estimation of Subsequent Systemic Exposure - Physiological Models
18. RISKOFDERM - Predictions Based on In Vivo Factors

Skin Toxicity and Prevention

19. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships for Skin Corrosivity and Sensitization
20. Allergic Contact Dermatitis
21. Irritancy of Topical Chemicals and Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
22. Phototosensitivity Induced by Exogenous Agents: Phototoxicity and Photoallergy
23. Systemic Toxicity Caused by Absorption of Drugs and Chemicals Through Skin
24. Solvent and Vehicle Effects on the Skin

Regulatory Issues

25. United States Environmental Protection Agency P3erspectives on Skin Absorption and Exposure
26. Dermal Absorption of Chemicals: Some Australian Regulatory Considerations
27. International Perspectives in Dermal Absorption
28. Structure-Activity Relationships and Prediction of Photoallergic and Phototoxic Potential
29. Potential Regulatory Use of (Q)SARs to Develop Dermal Irritation and Corrosion Assessment Strategies
30. Development of (Q)SARs for Dermal Irritation and Corrosion Assessment Using EU New Chemicals Notification Data
31. Regulatory Assessment of Skin Sensitization
32. Assessment of Topical Bioequivalence Using Microdialysis and Other Techniques
33. An Industry Perspective of Topical Dermal Bioequivalence

Specific Examples of Absorption

34. Dermal Absorption of Chemical Contaminants from Soil
35. Percutaneous Absorption of Pesticides
36. Bathing Water: Percutaneous Absorption of Water Contaminants
37. Percutaneous Absorption of Pro- and Soft- Drugs
38. Skin Penetration of Cosmetic Ingredients and Contaminants
39. Percutaneous Absorption of Hair Dyes
40. Percutaneous Absorption of Fragrance Materials

Index