Contents to Volume 1
Preface XVII
List of Contributors XIX
Part I Engineering Management for Loss Prevention Engineering 1
1 Management Systems – Loss Prevention Engineering Programs and Policy 3
Shakirudeen Shakioye
1.1 Introduction – Understanding the Need for Management Systems 3
1.2 Management Systems – Definitions 6
1.3 Loss Prevention Engineering – Considerations 7
1.4 Management Systems – Loss Prevention Engineering 9
Appendix 1.A: BCN – NSHE Sample Drug and Alcohol Policy 24
Appendix 1.B: Behavior-Based Safety Supporting Tool 26
Appendix 1.C: Sample Internal Simple Inspection Checklist 27
References 28
2 Resource Allocation and Effectiveness Measures for Loss Prevention 31
Samuel A. Oyewole
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 What Is Loss Prevention/Safety and Health Intervention? 32
2.3 Historical Perspective of Resource Allocation for Loss Prevention 33
2.4 Loss Prevention/Safety and Health Intervention Effectiveness Evaluation 36
2.5 Importance of Multiple Factors in Loss Prevention 37
2.6 Research Methodology in Resource Allocation for Loss Prevention 38
2.7 Experimental Method 39
2.8 Analysis and Results 39
2.9 Conclusion 48
References 50
3 Engineering Systems and Engineering Economics of Loss Prevention 53
Joel M. Haight
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Cost of Injuries 55
3.3 Return on Investment Versus Cost Savings Versus Productivity Savings 56
3.4 Engineering Economics 57
3.5 Engineering Economic Decision-Making 59
3.6 Net Present Value Comparison (Equipment Replacement) 59
3.7 Payback Period Comparison 65
3.8 Financial Considerations of a Loss Prevention Engineering Project 66
3.9 Conclusion 69
References 69
4 Safety Management and Culture 71
Brian W. Tink and Brian A. Tink
4.1 What Is Organizational Culture? 71
4.2 How Does Culture Form? 74
4.3 Why Is It Good Business to Improve Your Company's Culture? 77
4.4 Measuring Culture 79
4.5 How to Bring About Changes in Culture 82
References 86
5 Leadership and Loss Prevention Engineering: Creating Conditions to Get Beyond Compliance to High Performance 89
Michele Lindsay
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Management Theories 92
5.3 Moving Beyond Mechanistic Management 99
5.4 Humanistic Organizations 99
5.5 Case Studies of Humanistic Management 107
References 110
Part II Design and Analysis of Protective Systems – General Loss Prevention Engineering 113
6 General Loss Prevention Engineering Programs – Including Fire Loss Control 115
Jeffery Robinson
6.1 Background 115
6.2 Introduction 116
6.3 Elements of a Fire Loss Control Program 116
6.4 Fire Prevention Controls 118
Appendix A. Loss Prevention Survey 135
References 140
7 Permit-to-Work Systems 141
John W. Mroszczyk
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 The Permit-to-Work Process 141
7.3 Regulations and Standards 145
7.4 Hot Work 145
7.5 Confined Space 149
7.6 Live Line Electrical Work 151
References 156
Recommended Reading 156
8 Excavation and Trenching 159
Michael W. Hayslip
8.1 Introduction 159
8.2 Hazard Identification and Federal OSHA Regulation 162
8.3 Soil Types 166
8.4 Basic Soil Mechanics Theory 172
8.5 Testing and Soil Classification Systems 176
8.6 Protective Systems 185
Glossary (Taken in Part from Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers (Ricketts, Loftin, and Merritt, 2003) and OSHA 29 CFR 1926 (OSHA, 2012b)) 192
References 199
9 Machine Safeguarding 201
John W. Mroszczyk
9.1 Introduction 201
9.2 Regulations and Standards 202
9.3 Machine Motion Hazards 203
9.4 Human Factor Aspects of Machine Guarding 206
9.5 Machine Safeguarding Methodology 207
9.6 Basic Machine Guarding Principles 212
9.7 Types of Machine Safeguarding 213
9.8 Machine Controls 220
9.9 Responsibilities of the Machine Builder 223
9.10 Mechanical Power Presses 224
9.11 Power Press Brakes 224
9.12 Conveyors 225
9.13 Roll-Forming and Roll-Bending Machines 225
9.14 Shearing Machines 225
9.15 Laser Machining 226
9.16 Robots 227
9.17 Conclusion 228
References 228
Further Reading 229
10 Boilers and Pressure Vessels: a Brief Look at General Safeguards 231
Patrick Fortune
10.1 Water 231
10.2 Safeguards 234
10.3 Codes, Regulations, and Training 235
10.4 Types of Boilers 238
10.5 Operating Considerations 240
10.6 Boiler Feed Water 244
10.7 Chemical Handling 247
10.8 Steam 251
10.9 Special Considerations for Pressure Vessels 255
10.10 Fire Detection and Control 256
10.11 Incident Investigation 257
10.12 Closing Thoughts 258
References 259
11 Welding and Cutting 261
Jeffery S. Haight
11.1 Introduction 261
11.2 Basic Equipment for Welding Comfortably and Safely 264
11.3 The Welding Process 267
11.4 Cutting 272
11.5 Conclusion 276
References 276
12 Power Tools 277
Warren K. Brown
12.1 Introduction 277
12.2 Guards 281
12.3 Safety Switches 282
12.4 Electric Tools 282
12.5 Powered Abrasive Wheel Tools 283
12.6 Liquid Fuel Tools 283
12.7 Pneumatic Tools 284
12.8 Hydraulic Power Tools 284
12.9 Conclusion 301
References 301
13 Personal Protective Equipment 303
Christopher M. Stroz
13.1 Introduction 303
13.2 General Selection 304
13.3 Types 304
13.4 Conclusion 323
References 323
14 Powered Industrial Trucks 327
Thaddeus M. Pajak and Mary Hoerster
14.1 Introduction 327
14.2 Lift Truck Accident Prevention: An Integrated Approach 329
14.3 Fork Truck Safety Observations 330
14.4 Making Safety Observations 331
14.5 Loading Dock Safety 335
14.6 Whole Body Vibration 338
14.7 Administrative Controls for Lift Truck Operator Strains and Sprain Prevention 340
14.8 Rack and Overhead Storage and Industrial Lift Truck Operations 341
14.9 Carbon Monoxide and Dilution Ventilation 344
14.10 MVR Program and Physical Requirements 345
14.11 Case Studies 346
14.12 Using Acceptable Safety Tolerances in Defining Preventive Maintenance 348
14.13 Industrial Lift Truck Accident Costs 349
14.14 Conclusions and Establishing Safe Behavior Observation Management Programs 350
References 352
Part III Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering 355
15 Biomechanics and Physical Ergonomics 357
Kyung-Sun Lee and Myung-Chul Jung
15.1 Introduction 357
15.2 Biomechanics 357
15.3 Applications of Biomechanics in Ergonomics 366
15.4 Conclusion 369
References 370
16 Human Factors and Cognitive Engineering 373
Anand Tharanathan and Ling Rothrock
16.1 Introduction 373
16.2 Models of Human Cognition 374
16.3 Applications to Process Engineering and Surface Transportation 379
16.4 Conclusions 388
References 389
17 Virtual Working Environment 393
Teodor Winkler, Jaroslaw Tokarczyk, and Dariusz Michalak
17.1 Methodological Assumptions 393
17.2 Elements of the Virtual Working Environment Structure 394
17.3 Engineering Approach to Loss Prevention Within the Life-Cycle of Technical Means 398
17.4 Methods and Tools Supporting the Creation of Elements of a Virtual Working Environment 400
17.5 Human Body Modeling 402
17.6 Anthropomorphic Test Dummies 403
17.7 Multi-Body Models of ATDs 406
17.8 Multi-Body Human Models 408
17.9 Finite Element Models of ATDs 409
17.10 Finite Element Human Models 409
17.11 Digital Human Models 410
17.12 Modeling of Phenomena 414
17.13 Conclusion 418
References 418
18 Shaping of Working Conditions Using ICT Technology 423
Dariusz Michalak, Magdalena Rozmus, and Teodor Winkler
18.1 Working Environment 423
18.2 Information and Communication Technologies 425
18.3 Computer-Aided Shaping of Working Conditions 426
18.4 Shaping of Work Organization Using ICT 436
18.5 Conclusion 442
References 443
19 Safety-Oriented Virtual Prototyping of Mining Mechanical Systems 445
Jaroslaw Tokarczyk, Marek Dudek, and Bogdan Gicala
19.1 Introduction 445
19.2 Introduction to Polish Underground Coal Mine Working Conditions 446
19.3 Introduction to Technical Hazards 448
19.4 Graphical Methods of Technical Hazards Assessment in Underground Mechanical Systems 449
19.5 Virtual Prototyping of FOPS 454
19.6 Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analyses in Virtual Prototyping of Mining Machines 457
19.7 Conclusion 460
References 460
Contents to Volume 2
List of Contributors XXIII
Part IV Process Safety Management and System Safety Engineering 463
20 Process Safety Regulations Around the World 465
Remigio Agraz-Boeneker
21 Analytical Methods in Process Safety Management and System Safety Engineering – Process Hazard Analysis 501
Paul Baybutt
22 Safety Instrumented Systems 555
Geoffrey S. Barnard
23 Analytical Methods in Process Safety Management and System Safety Engineering – Layers of Protection Analysis 593
Paul Baybutt
24 Chemical Reaction Safety 637
John C. Wincek
25 Application of Systems Engineering to Safety and Risk Management: a Human–Systems Integration Perspective 681
Tareq Ahram and Waldemar Karwowski
26 Management of Change 701
Tracey Zarn and Aaron Hade
27 The Importance of Fostering a Strong Industrial Safety Culture and Change Management 725
Jeffery M. Kramer
28 Contractor Safety Management 747
Michael Farris
29 Emergency Preparedness and Response 773
Leo J. DeBobes
30 Security and Terrorism 785
Mohammed Nasir Mohammed Ismail
Part V Occupational Health and Environmental Engineering 795
31 Control of Chemical Hazards 797
Marjory E. Anderson
32 Control of Physical Hazards 821
Marjory E. Anderson
33 Control of Air Pollution 855
Tyler Nguyen
34 Hazardous Waste Management and Engineering 897
Darryl C. Hill
Part VI Incident Investigation and Root Cause Analysis Methodology and Management 913
35 How to Conduct Effective Incident Investigations 915
Kevin McManus
36 Incident Investigations – Lessons Learned – Development and Communications 937
David Janney
37 Managing Records, Investigation and Recommendation Management and Closure 947
David Janney
Part VII Fire Protection Engineering 959
38 Fire Dynamics 961
Christopher C. Venn
39 Fire Prevention and Protection 999
Craig Arthur Brown
40 The Science and Engineering of Explosions 1041
David G. Lilley
Index 1083
